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Very many hard-soldering joints are executed via flame brazing (torch brazing). For this purpose different burning gas-oxygen-mixtures are applied. Widespread are propane-intake air and acetylene-oxygen. When flame brazing it is necessary for all basic material brazing combinations to use flux material. Only exception is phosphor containing copper brazing material with which copper-copper joints can be processed without the use of flux.
These machines are always especially designed for the individual requirements and are laid out as
Sliding table-,
Indexing table-, or
Transfer brazing machine.
When induction brazing the necessary heat is generated by induction of components.
An inductor encloses the brazing area. Alternating current (primary cycle) flows through the inductor. Due to the changed magnet field current is generated in the components heating same (secondary cycle). By suitable shape of indicator it is possible to heat up only the area to be brazed.
The frequencies used are classified as middle frequency and high frequency. Low frequencies cause heating in deeper layers of components. High frequencies heat up mainly the surface.
Induction brazing is mostly applied with simple axial symmetric components, like shock absorbers and brake tubes.
| medium frequency - brazing | high frequency- brazing | |
| Frequency | 1000 - 10 000 Hz | 0,1 - 5 MHz |
| gap width | 0,05 ... 0,25 mm (for small gap under shielded gas) | 0,05 ... 0,25 mm (for small gap under shielded gas) |
| parts to be joined | steel s = 5 ... 15 mm; copper s = 4 ... 12 mm | steel s = 0,1 ... 3 mm; copper s = 0,3 ... 3 mm |
| basic materials | St; Aluminium alloys; copper alloys | high-alloyed steel; alloys with high melting point( i.e. tantalum, molybdenum); titanum-, copper- and nickel alloys |
| applications | appliance industry; vehicle construction | aerospace technology; precision engineering |
Furnace brazing is a brazing process whereby the brazing parts with inlaid filler material are heated in a furnace. In order to avoid oxidizing of cleaned brazing parts the air in the furnace is evacuated or the furnace is filled with shielded gas. Furnace brazing is favoured for the applications of hard brazing. The advantages of furnace brazing are the tension- and distortion-free brazing due to evenly heating of parts to be joined. It is possible to produce arbitrarily many brazing spots in only one brazing cycle without the use of flux material. A simultaneous heat treatment of basic materials in one operating cycle is also possible.
These furnaces are either appliances processing complete batches like the chamber furnace or toploader or continuously operating furnaces with conveyor belt.
| Gas-shielded brazing | vacuum brazing |
| gap width | 0,1 ... 0,2 mm |
| joining parts | sheet s = 1 ... 10 mm bulk of parts to be joined ≤ 2 ... 3 kg |
| basic materials | St; Aluminium alloys; copper alloys |
| application | appliance industry; vehicle construction |
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